Prevalence of gastroschisis and omphalocele in Costa Rica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51481/amc.v60i1.990Keywords:
Gastroschisis, omphalocele, prevalence, Costa RicaAbstract
Background: In several countries, an increase in abdominal wall defects, mainly gastroschisis, has
been documented. The objective is to know the trend of gastroschisis and omphaloce by maternal
age in Costa Rica, between 1996 and 2014.
Methods: using the database of the national congenital defects surveillance system, congenital
abdominal wall defects rates were calculated by maternal age (under 20, 20-34, 35 years or more),
and period (1996-2002, 2003-2008 and 2009-2014) with their respective 95% CI. A Poisson
regression was carried out, taking as a base the group 20-34 years and the period 1996-2002, and
were compared estimated by Wald's chi-square. The impact of MS was evaluated by population
attributable fraction and fertility and proportional distribution of births were calculated according
to this variable.
Results: abdominal wall defects prevalence increased from 0.76 (95% CI 0.15-1.36) per 10,000
births in 1996 to 3.48 (95% CI 2.12-4.85) in 2014. Relative risk for gastroschisis was 3.76 (2.95-
4.79) in mothers younger than 20 years and the population attributable fraction 36.2%. The relative risk for omphalocele was 2.09 (1.22-3.59) in mothers older than 35 years and population attributable fraction 8.9%. There was a decrease in the proportional distribution of births and the fertility rate in mothers under 20 and over 35.
Conclusion: the prevalence of congenital abdominal wall defects has increased significantly over
time. The increase in gastroschisis in mothers under 20 years was greater, despite the fact that births
have decreased in this age group.
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