Waist circumference as indicator of cardiovascular risk
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51481/amc.v55i3.799Keywords:
Waist obesity, waist circumference, Primary Health Care, cardiovascular diseasesAbstract
Background: Obesity affects more that 60% of Costa Rican adults. There is consensus on the fact that fat accumulation in the intra-abdominal region is a risk for cardiovascular disease, and that the measurement of waist circumference is an indirect indicator used for its identification. The objective of the present study was to use this measurement to describe the characteristics of the urban population and its stratification according to the risk level of suffering cardiovascular diseases.
Methods: The study´s population consisted of 325 adults (76.9% women), ages between 20 and 44 years old; residents of the Santa Ana Health Area, which were at home at the time of the regular visit of the primary health care technician.
Results: Average age was 30±6.5 years; 50.1% were housewives and 40.9% had elementary schooling. The mean of the waist circumference among women was 86.4±12.4 cm and 88.1±11.5 cm among men; this value increases to more than 88 cm and more than 102 cm, respectively, if the population at risk is excluded. According to the cutting points of the WHO, the population at risk was 57.5%, out of which 31.1% presented high risk values (WC > 88 cm in women and 102 cm in men), and this increased with age.Conclusion: The structure at the primary level allows measuring the waist circumference at home, as a simple and practical method to identify the population at risk.
Downloads
References
Barquera S, Campos I, Hernández L, Flores M, Durazno R, Kanter R, et al. Obesity and central adiposity in Mexican adults: results from the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey. Salud Pública Méx 2006; 51:595-603.
Ministerio de Salud. Memoria institucional 2011. San José Costa Rica: Ministerio de Salud, 2011. Recuperado el 14 de julio de 2010]. En: http://www.ministeriodesalud.go.cr/ sobre_ministerio/memorias/memoria2012/UMI_memoria_ institucional_2011.
Ministerio de Salud. Encuesta Nacional de Nutrición 2008-2009. Antropometría. San José, Costa Rica: Ministerio de Salud, 2009. [monografía en línea]. Recuperado el 14 de julio de 2010. En: http://www.ministeriodesalud.go.cr/index.php/component/ content/article/43-pagina-inicio-ms/145-estadiscticas-encuestas-
ms
Ministerio de Salud. Encuesta multinacional de diabetes mellitus, hipertensión arterial y factores de riesgo asociados área metropolitana. San José, Costa Rica: Ministerio de Salud, 2004. [monografía en línea]. Recuperado el 14 de julio de 2010]. En: http://www.ministeriodesalud.go.cr/index.php/component/ content/article/43-pagina-inicio-ms/145-estadiscticas-encuestas-ms
Calle E, Thun M, Petrelli J, Rodriguez C, Heath C. Body-mass index and mortality in a prospective cohort of U.S. adults. N Engl J Med 1999; 341:1097-1105.
Klein S, Allison D, Heymsfield S, Kelley D, Leibel R, Nonas C, et al. Waist circumference and cardio metabolic risk: a consensus statement from shaping americas´s health: association for weight management and obesity prevention. Am J Clin Nutr 2007; 85:1197-202.
Benetou V, Bamia C, Trichopulos D, Mountokalakis T, Psaltopoulous T, Trichopolou A. The association of body mass index and waist circumference with blood pressure depends on age and gender: a study of 10,928 non-smoking adults in the Greek EPIC cohort. Eur J Epidemiol 2004; 19:803-804.
Lemieux S, Prud´homme D, Nadeau A, Tremblay A, Bouchard C, Després J. Seven-year changes in body fat and visceral adipose tissue in women. Association with indexes of plasma glucoseinsulin homeostasis. Diabetes Care 1996; 19:983-991.
Wang Y. Rimm E, Stampfer M, Willet W, Hu F. Comparison of abdominal adiposity and overall obesity in predicting risk o type 2 diabetes among men. Am J Clin Nutr 2005; 88; 555-563.
Kisse bah A, Freedman D, Peiris A. Health risks of obesity. Med Clin North Am 1989; 73:111-138
Ledoux M, Lambert J, Reeder B, Despres J. Correlation between cardiovascular disease risk factors and simple anthropometric measures. Canadian Heart Health Survey Research group. Can Med Assoc J 1997; 157(suppl 1):S46-53.
Wang J, Thornton J, Bari S, Williamson B, Gallagher D, Heymsfield S, et al. Comparisons of waist circumferences measured at 4 sites. Am J Clin Nutr 2003; 77:379-84.
Ramones I, Hernández R. Rol de las citoquinas en la fisiopatología del daño vascular en la obesidad. [Revista en internet] 2012. Recuperado el 23 de abril del 2013]; XXVI: [aprox. 4p]. [Disponible en http://bibmed.ucla.edu.ve/db/psm_ucla/edocs/BM2601-
/BM26010408.pdf
Pouliot M, Després J, Lemieux S, Moorjani S, Bouchard C, Tremblay A, et al. Waist circumference and abdominal sagittal diameter: Best simple anthropometric indexes of abdominal visceral adipose tissue accumulation and related cardiovascular risk in men and women. Am J Cardiol 1994;73:460-468
Zhu S, Heshka S, Wang Z, Shen W, Allison D, Ross R, et al. Combination of BMI and waist circumference for identifying cardiovascular risk factor in whites. Obes Res 2004; 12:633-645.
Seidell J, Kahn H, Williamson D, Lissner L, Valdez R. Report from a Centers for Disease Control and prevention Workshop on use of adult Anthropometry for public health and primary health care. Am J Clin Nutr 2001; 73:123-126.
Clinical guidelines on the identification, evaluation and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults. The evidence report. National Institutes of Health. Obes Res 1998; 6(suppl 2):51S-209S.
Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults. (Adult Treatment Panel III). Final Report. Circulation 2002; 106; 3143-3421.
Alberti K, Zimmet P, Shaw J. The metabolic syndrome a new worldwide definition. Lancet 2005; 366(9491):1059-1062
World Health Organization. Obesity, preventing and managing the global epidemic-report of a WHO consultation on obesity. Geneva: WHO. 1997.
Ayala N, Carvajal X, Fonseca J, Guzmán A, Marín F. Hacia un nuevo modelo de atención integral de salud. San José, Costa Rica: Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social, 1998. pág 21.
Guzmán S, Aráuz AG, Roselló M, Núñez H. 2009. Manual de procedimiento para la medición de la circunferencia abdominal. En; http://www.inciensa.sa.cr/files/refs/cvsp/medicion_ abdominal.pdf
Resolución sobre la actualización de la clasificación internacional uniforme de ocupaciones [monografía en línea]. En: http:// unstats.un.org/unsd/statcom/doc08/BG-ISCO-08-S.pdf. Stevens J, Katz E, Huxley R. Associations between gender, age and waist circumference. Eur J Clin Nutr 2010.64:6-15.
Lemieux S, Prud´homme D, Nadeau A, Tremblay A, Bouchard C, Després J. Anthropometric correlates to changes in visceral adipose tissue over 7 years in women. Int J Obes 1996; 20:618-624.
Zuzunaga A, Villarreal J. Índice cintura-cadera y perímetro abdominal: su relación con la hipertensión arterial y la diabetes mellitus en una población femenina. Rev Soc Perú Med Interna [publicación periódica on line] 2002; 15(3):129-133. En: http:// www.scielo.org Recuperado el 25 de mayo de 2007.
The Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration. Separate and combined associations of body-mass index and abdominal adiposity with cardiovascular disease: collaborative analysis of 58 prospective studies. Lancet 2011; 377:1085-1095.
Balkau B, Deanfield J, Després J. Bassand J, Fox K, Smith S, Barter P, et al. International day for the evaluation of abdominal obesity (IDEA). Circulation. [publicación periódica on line] 2007; 116: 1942-1951. En: http://circ.ahajournals.org Recuperado el 20 de mayo de 2008.
Downloads
Published
Versions
- 2013-07-26 (2)
- 2013-07-26 (1)
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2013 Acta Médica Costarricense
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Los autores que publican en la revista Acta Médica Costarricense pueden distribuir, copiar, remezclar, retocar, leer, descargar, imprimir, buscar y crear a partir de su obra de modo no comercial, indicando los créditos a la revista y sus autores y compartir su obra en las mismas condiciones. Para ello se aplica la licencia Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional(CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
