Finding of Protozoa in patients infected with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51481/amc.v41i2.509Keywords:
Sida, Cryptosporidium, linfocitos TCD4 , VIHAbstract
Background and aims: The acquiered inmunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is caused by the human retrovirus (VIH) I and 2. These virus selectively and progresively deplete the CD4+ helper T Iymphocites; when the level of these cells reaches a critical point (200 cells/ mm3) the patients becomes susceptible to infections by opportunistic agents. Among the opportunistic agents that can cause diarrhea are Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia intestinalis and Entamoeba histolytica. The aim ofthe present work was to determine the presence of parasites is the stools of an VIH seropositive population and an VIH seronegative population.
Methods: A total of 1541 stool samples were analyzed between August 1996 and February 1997, from patients attending the Clinical Laboratory ofthe San Juan de Dios Hospital in Costa Rica. From these samples 1416 were from VIH seronegatives patients and 125 from VIH seropositive patients. The stool samples were processed by three methods: direct, with Lugol solution and with Kato solution. Two methods of stool concentration were used, by flotation with NaCl (25%) and with Sacarose (33%). Two smears were performed, which were aloud to dry at air, fixed with methanol and stained by the methods of Koster and modified ZiehI-Neelsen. To all VIH positive patients a Iymphocyte counting, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were analysed by flow cytometry on blood samples using a Facs Scan from Becton Dickinson and the results were correlated with the parasites found on stool.
Results: Of the 1416 samples studied from VIH seronegative patients, in 4,38% one of the three parasite under study was found; 2,8% of the samples were positive for E. histolytica and 1,6% for G. intestinalis. In any of the samples studied from VIH negative patients C. parvum was found. Ofthe 125 samples from VIH positive patients, 31,2 were positive for parasites. E histolytica was foun in 4.8% of the samples, the mean CD4+ T cell count was of 347 linfocitos/mm3 . Giardia intestinalis was found in 8.0% of the samples from VIH+ patients, in this group the mean CD4+ T cell count was of 185 cells/mm 3 . C. parvum was found in 4.8% of the seropositive patients, and their mean CD4+ T cell count was of 13 cells/mm3 . In 13.2% of the samples the parasites found were non-pathogenic protozoa. The correlations between the presence of C. parvun and a CD4+ T cell count under 200 cells/mm3 was significant (p<0,005) by Chi square (2).
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