Pre gestation body mass index and maternal weight gain, its relationship with new born weight
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51481/amc.v50i3.381Keywords:
Body mass index, weight gain during pregnancy, newborn weight, Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia HospitalAbstract
Aim: To explore the relationship between pregestational body mass index (BMI) and maternal weight gain during pregnancy with the newborns weight in the national health system.
Materials and methods: This is a cross-sectional observational study. Three hundred and sixty medical records from pregnant patients seen at the Obstetrics Service of the Calderon Guardia Hospital were analyzed. Maternal variables related to the prenatal birth control were: age, weight, height, body mass index (kg/m2), weight gain per trimester and total weight gain through pregnancy. Labor and delivery variables included were: gestational age, mode of delivery, labor and expulsive period duration in minutes, episiotomy and presence of perineal tears. Neonatal outcomes analyzed were: sex, birth weight and height, cephalic circumference, 5 minutes Apgar score, wight/age relationship, shoulder dystocia, fetal lesion, need for neonatal resuscitation or newborn hospitalization.
Results: Taking as a reference the group with normal BMI, the percentage of both either small for gestional age (SGA) and large for gestional age (LGA) newborns was higher in the group of low BMI and obesity, respectively. A significant relationship was observed between the length of labor and pregestational BMI. The presence of dystocia and fetal lesion were more frequent in obese patients. Weight gain during gestation was found to be related with neonatal authropometric measurements. The products of mothers whose weight vas higher than advisible weighted more, were taller and had a larger cephalic circumference and in general they were larger than expected for their gestational age.
There was no significant difference between the influence of weight gain during pregnancy and the labor variables. Taking as a reference the group with adequate weight gain during pregnancy, the percentage of SGA and LGA newborns was similar between this group and the one with lower weight gain. In contrast, the incidence of LGA newborn was higher in those patients with greater weight gain.
Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that BMI and weight gain during pregnancy influences the newborn weight.
Downloads
References
McIntire DD, Bloom SL, Casey BM, Leveno KJ. Birth weight in relation to morbidity and mortality among newborn infants. N Engl J Med 1999; 340:1234-1238.
Alexander GR, Kogan M, Bader D, Wally C., Marilee A., Joanne M. US birth weight/gestational age-specific neonatal mortality: 19951997 rates for whites, hispanics and blacks. Pediatrics 2003; 111: e61.
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists: Intrauterine growth restriction. Practice Bulletin No. 12, January 2000b.
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists: Fetal macrosomia. Practice Bulletin No. 22, November 2000a.
Usha TS, Hemmadi S, Bethel J, Evans J. Outcome of pregnancy in a woman with an increased body mass index. BJOG 2005; 112: 768772.
Stotland NE, Cheng YW, Hopkins LM, B. Caughey. Gestational weight gain and adverse neonatal outcome among term infants. Obstet Gynecol 2006; 108:635-643.
DeVader SR, Neeley HL, Myles TD, Leet TL. Evaluation of gestational weight gain guidelines for women with normal prepregnancy body mass index. Obstet Gynecol 2007; 110: 745-751.
Cedergren MI. Optimal gestational weight gain for body mass index categories. Obstet Gynecol 2007; 110: 759-764.
Martínez MT, Matienzo G, Williams S, Cruz PR; Gómez AM. Ganancia de peso materno: relación con el peso del recién nacido. Rev Cubana Obstet Ginecol 1999; 25:114-117.
Grados FM, Cabrera R, Díaz J. Estado nutricional pregestacional y ganancia de peso materno durante la gestación y su relación con el peso del recién nacido. Rev Med Hered 2003; 14:128-133.
Lagos R, Espinoza R, Orellana JJ. Estado nutritivo materno inicial y peso promedio de sus recién nacidos a término. Rev Chil Nutr 2004; 31: 52-57.
Institute of Medicine (U.S.), Subcommittee on nutritional status and weight gain during pregnancy and subcommitteeon dietary Intake and nutrient supplements during pregnancy. Nutrition during pregnancy. Washington (DC): National Academies Press; 1990. Pp 25-36.
WHO. Maternal anthropometry for prediction of pregnancy outcomes: Memorandum from a USAID/ WHO/PAHO/ Mother Care meeting. Bull WHO 1991; 69: 523-532.
Vahratian A, Zhang J, Troendle JF, Savitz DA, Siega-Riz AM. Maternal prepregnancy overweight and obesity and the pattern of labor progression in term nulliparous women. Obstet Gynecol 2004; 104: 943-951.
Reece AE. Perspectives on obesity, pregnancy and birth outcomes in the United States: The scope of the problem. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2008; 23-27.
Salsberry PJ, Reagan PB. Dynamics of early childhood overweight.
Pediatrics 2005; 116:1329-38.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2008 Acta Médica Costarricense
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Los autores que publican en la revista Acta Médica Costarricense pueden distribuir, copiar, remezclar, retocar, leer, descargar, imprimir, buscar y crear a partir de su obra de modo no comercial, indicando los créditos a la revista y sus autores y compartir su obra en las mismas condiciones. Para ello se aplica la licencia Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional(CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
