Causas y prevención del cáncer ocupacional

Autores/as

  • Timo Partanen Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica
  • Patricia Monge Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica
  • Catharina Wesseling Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51481/amc.v51i4.478

Palabras clave:

sector informal, cáncer infantil, exposición ocupacional, prevención

Resumen

Las neoplasias ocupacionales son altamente prevenibles. Esta comunicación resume los datos de los riesgos cancerígenos ocupacionales, destacando grupos importantes de trabajadores y la prevención. La Agencia Internacional para la Investigación del Cáncer (IARC) ha identificado en el Grupo 1 (causa cáncer en humanos), 29 agentes que pueden presentarse en el lugar de trabajo, 26 en el Grupo 2 A (probablemente cancerígeno) y 113 en el Grupo 2B (posiblemente cancerígeno). Los agentes frecuentes en Centroamérica incluyen la radiación solar (Grupo 1) y la radiación ultravioleta (2A), las emisiones diesel (2A), los hidrocarburos poliaromáticos (1 - 3), el humo de tabaco ambiental (1), los compuestos de cromo hexavalente (1) y el benceno (1). En cuanto a los cánceres de mujeres, estudios de cáncer de mama y ovarios sugieren asociaciones con agentes ocupacionales. Los datos en la economía informal son pocos. Peligros cancerígenos para agricultores y peones agrícolas contemplan la exposición a radiación ultravioleta solar, virus, zoonosis, polvos, aflatoxinas, emisiones de diesel, solventes y plaguicidas. Agentes cancerígenos potenciales presentes en el Sector Salud incluyen: óxido de etileno, formaldehído, humo de tabaco ambiental, tricloroetileno, tetracloroetileno, benceno, asbesto, drogas, hormonas, antibióticos, plaguicidas, virus y desechos y gases cancerígenos. Algunas exposiciones durante el desarrollo y la infancia someten a los niños a riesgos cancerígenos. Prevenir los riesgos para la salud en el lugar de trabajo es responsabilidad del empleador. Se debe actuar con precaución en respuesta a la limitada evidencia plausible y creíble, sobre un peligro probable, y establecer comisiones mixtas de salud y seguridad en lugares de trabajo.

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Publicado

2009-09-17

Cómo citar

Partanen, T., Monge, P., & Wesseling, C. (2009). Causas y prevención del cáncer ocupacional. Acta Médica Costarricense, 51(4), 195–205. https://doi.org/10.51481/amc.v51i4.478