Las fiebres manchadas y su importancia en Costa Rica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51481/amc.v50i2.361Palabras clave:
Rickettsia rickettsii, Fiebre Manchada de las Montañas Rocosas, patogénesis, virulencia, diagnóstico de laboratorio, epidemiología, vectores, Costa RicaResumen
La Fiebre Manchada de la Montañas Rocosas es una zoonosis transmitida por garrapatas y causada por una bacteria intracelular obligatoria, la Rickettsia rickettsii. Es una enfermedad sistémica, de moderada a severa, producida por la infección del endotelio vascular de pequeños vasos de la mayoría de órganos y tejidos. Es la más letal de las infecciones transmitidas por garrapatas y desde su descubrimiento, hace cerca de 100 años, todavía se presenta, aunque esporádicamente, de forma persistente, y a pesar de que se cuenta con antibióticos efectivos, la mortalidad sigue siendo de mas del 10% y los pacientes requieren terapia intensiva durante la infección si esta no es diagnosticada y tratada a tiempo. En tiempo recientemente se han descrito otras especies de garrapatas que pueden transmitir rickettsias a humanos así como nuevas especies de rickettsias que pueden producir cuadros de fiebres manchadas y aunque se ha dilucidado parte de sus mecanismos patogénicos, persisten muchas dudas respecto a su virulencia. Desde 1975 se han reportado brotes de esta enfermedad en Costa Rica y el agente etiológico causal, la Rickettsia rickettsii, fue aislada e identificada en la mayoría de los casos en el Laboratorio de Virología de la Facultad de Microbiología de la Universidad de Costa Rica.
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