Definición. Clasificación, etiología, diagnóstico y prevención del retardo mental
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51481/amc.v40i3.593Palabras clave:
retardo mental, discapacidad, déficit intelectualResumen
Retardado mental es el individuo incapaz de adaptarse independientemente a la sociedad por razones de desarrollo mental incompleto debido a factores lesivos originados en el período de desarrollo. Con base en una serie de características particulares, se distinguen dos grandes grupos: los levemoderadamente retardados, que constituyen alrededor del 3% de la población, y los severamente retardados, cuya prevalencia es de cerca de un 0.4%. El retardo mental surge en diferentes momentos de la vida: prenatal, perinatal y posnatal. Las causas son muy variadas, tanto genéticas como ambientales, una combinación de ambas, y muchas veces desconocidas. El diagnóstico preciso del origen del retardo es fundamental para su prevención.
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