Proteinuria, fisiología y fisiopatología aplicada

Autores/as

  • Carlos Escalante Gómez Universidad de Costa Rica
  • Fernando Zeledón Sánchez Universidad de Costa Rica
  • Guido Ulate Montero Universidad de Costa Rica

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51481/amc.v49i2.302

Palabras clave:

proteinuria, fisiología renal, nefropatía

Resumen

La proteinuria está definida por la presencia de proteínas en la orina. En los adultos se refiere a una excreción urinaria de estas superior a 150 mg en 24 horas. Se ha utilizado como un marcador de lesión renal, constituyéndose en uno de los datos más importantes para el nefrólogo. Sin embargo, patologías tan comunes como la hipertensión arterial y la Diabetes Mellitus frecuentemente manifiestan sus afecciones renales con la presencia de proteinuria, convirtiéndose ahora en un marcador de enfermedades sistémicas y no solo renales. Normalmente, un individuo filtra 5000 mg de proteínas cada día, de los cuales 4950 mg son reabsorbidos en el túbulo proximal del riñón, de manera que la cantidad excretada es poca. En el presente artículo se exponen los diferentes tipos de proteinuria con base en conceptos fisiopatológicos. Hay varios métodos de laboratorio que permiten la cuantificación de la proteinuria, siendo la relación proteinuria  creatinuria y la orina de 24 horas las más utilizadas. La relevancia de esta revisión se muestra al tomar en cuenta que la proteinuria es el factor aislado más importante para determinar el avance y progresión de la enfermedad renal. También se ha mostrado que el riesgo añadido por la presencia de proteinuria fue superior al causado por el tabaco, la diabetes o la hipertrofia ventricular izquierda para la presencia de eventos isquémicos cardiovasculares. La proteinuria es más que solo proteínas en la orina, es una señal de alerta.

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Citas

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Publicado

2007-04-01

Cómo citar

Escalante Gómez, C., Zeledón Sánchez, F., & Ulate Montero, G. (2007). Proteinuria, fisiología y fisiopatología aplicada. Acta Médica Costarricense, 49(2), 83–89. https://doi.org/10.51481/amc.v49i2.302