Epidemiología y patogenia de la hipertensión arterial esencial, rol de angiotesina II, óxido nítrico y endotelina

Autores/as

  • Eduardo Fiedler Velásquez Caja Costarricense del Seguro Social, Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia
  • Charles Gourzong Taylor Caja Costarricense del Seguro Social, Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51481/amc.v47i3.190

Palabras clave:

Hipertensión arterial, epidemiología, patogenia, genes, angiotensina II, óxidonítrico, endotelina

Resumen

Actualmente se considera que la hipertensión arterial esencial es un verdadero problema de salud pública. Se estima que 1/6 de la población mundial sufre la enfermedad y en algunas poblaciones susceptibles la prevalencia es tan alta que 1 de 4 adultos mayores de 18 años es hipertenso. Aparentemente en Costa Rica la situación no es diferente a lo que ocurre mundialmente, se estima que hasta un 15.0 % de los costarricenses son hipertensos; sin embargo, los reportes de prevalencia no se encuentran actualizados. No está clara la patogenia de la hipertensión arterial esencial y las hipótesis de que sus orígenes radicaban en el riñón y en el corazón no son válidas actualmente, debido a la evidencia que demuestra que esta es una enfermedad propia del endotelio vascular en donde se conjugan factores genéticos, ambientales, humorales e inflamatorios del vaso sanguíneo que inducen a disfunción vascular. Se discuten aspectos epidemiológicos y genéticos, enfatizando en el rol patogénico de los genes de angiotensina II, oxido nítrico y endotelina.

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Citas

Joint National Comitee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, andTreatment of High Blood Pressure. The seventh report of the JointNational Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, andTreatment of High Blood Pressure. JAMA 289; 19: 2560 - 25722.

European Society of Hypertension – European Society ofCardiology guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension.Guidelines Committee. J Hypertens 2003; 21: 1011 – 1053

Burt VL, Cutler JA, Higgins M, Labarthe D, Whelton P, Brown C,Rocella EJ. Trends in the prevalence, awareness, treatment and con-trol of hipertensión in the adult US population: data from the healthexamination surveys, 1960 to 1991. Hypertension 1995; 26: 60 – 69

Fields LE, Burt VL, Cutler JA, Hughes J, Rocella E, Sorlie P. TheBurden of Adult Hypertension in the United States 1999 to 2000. ARising Tide. Hypertension 2004; 44: 398 – 404

Kearney PM, Whelton M, Reynolds K, Muntner P, Whelton PK, HeJ. Global burden of hypertension: analysis of worldwide data. Lancet2005; 365: 217 – 23.

Arguedas-Chaverri C, Vargas-Martínez H, Soto-Arroyo VM, Vargas-Sánchez YM, Vega Méndez MA. Estudio de la prevalencia dehipertensión arterial en Zarcero de Alfaro Ruiz, provincia deAlajuela. Act Med Cost 1982; 25: 315 – 321.

Laclé-Murray, A. Diagnóstico y control de la hipertensión arterial enel adulto mayor (comparación urbana/rural) Acta Méd Costarric1999; 41:15-21.

Ulate-Montero, G. Valores de presión arterial en una muestra de niñosy adolescentes del valle central de Costa Rica. Acta Méd Costarric1989; 33:83 – 88.

Muñoz S, Muñoz H, Zambrano F. Blood pressure in a school agepopulation. Mayo Clin Proc 1980; 55:623 – 632.

Vasan RS, Beiser A, Larson M, Kannel W, D`Agostino R, Levy D.Residual Lifetime Risk for Developing Hypertension in Middle-agedWomen and Men. The Framingham Heart Study. JAMA 2002; 287:1003 – 1010.

Luepker RV, Jacobs DR, Prineas RJ, Sinaiko AR. Secular trends ofblood pressure and body size ina a multi-ethnic adolescent popula-tion: 1986 – 1996. J Pediatr 1999; 134: 668 – 74.

Buzzard CJ, Lipshultz SE. High blood pressure in infants, children,and adolescents. In Hoekelman RA, editor. Primary pediatric care.4th ed. St Louis: Mosby; 2001. p. 1142 – 9.

Rosner B, Prineas R, Daniels SR, Loggie J. Blood pressure differ-ences between blacks and whites in relation to body size among USchildren and adolescents. Am J Epidemiol 2000; 151: 1007 – 1019.

Adrogué H, Sinaiko AR. Prevalence of Hypertension in Junior HighSchool-Aged Chinldren: Effect of New Recommendations in the1996 Updated Task Force Report. Am J Hypertens 2001; 14: 412–414.

Williams ChL, Hayman L, Daniels S, Robinson T, Steinberg J, ParidonS, Bazzarre T. A Statement for Health Proffesionals From theCommittee on Atherosclerosis, Hypertension, and Obesity in the Young(AHOY) of the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young,American Heart Association. Circulation 2002; 106: 143 – 160.

Stamler J, Stamler R, Neaton JD. Blood pressure, systolic and dias-tolic, and cardiovascular risks: US population data. Arch Intern Med1993; 153: 598 – 615.

Kannel WB. Blood pressure as a cardiovascular risk factor: preven-tion and treatment. JAM 1996; 275: 1571 – 6.

van den Hoogen PCW, Feskens EJM, Nagelkerke NJD, Menotti A,Nissinen A, Kromhout D. The relation between blood pressure andmortality due to coronary heart disease among men in differents partsof the world. N Engl J Med 2000; 342: 1 – 8.116

Strandberg TE, Salomaa VV, Vanhanen HT Pitkälä K. Blood pres-sure and mortality during a 32-year-follow-up. J Hypertens 2001; 19:35 – 39.

Hansson L, Zanchetti A, Carruthers SG, Dahlöf B, Elmfeldt D, JuliosS, Ménard J, Rahn KH, Wedel H, Westerling S. Effects of intensiveblood-pressure lowering and low-dose aspirin in patients with hyper-tension: principal results of the Hypertension Optimal Treatment(HOT) randomized trial. Lancet 1998; 351: 1755 – 62.

Joint National Comitee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, andTreatment of High Blood Pressure. The sixth report of the JointNational Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, andTreatment of High Blood Pressure. JNC VI. Arch Intern Med 1997;155: 2413 – 46.

Vasan RS, Larson MG, Leip EP, Evans JC, O ́Donnell CJ, KannelWB, Levy D. Impact of high-normal blood pressure on the risk ofcardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med 2001; 345: 1291 – 7.

Lew¡ngton S, Clarke R, Qizilbash N, Peto R, Collins R. Age-specif-ic relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality: a meta-analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospectivestudies. Lancet 2002; 360: 1903 – 1913.

Wolf-Maier, K, Cooper RS, Banegas JR, Giampaoli S, Hense HW,Joffres M et al. Hypertension Prevalence and Blood Pressure Levelsin 6 European Countries, Canada and the United States. JAMA 2003;298: 2363 – 2369.

Bakris GL, Mensah GA. Pathogenesis and Clinical Physiology ofHypertension. Curr Probl Cardiol 2003; 28: 137 – 155.

Furgchtott RF, Zawadzki JV. The obligatory role of endothelial cellsin the relaxation or arterial smooth muscle by acetylcholine. Nature1980; 288: 373 – 386.

Palmer RMJ, Ferrige AG, Moncada S. Nitric oxide accounts for thebiological activity of endothelium – derived relaxing factor. Nature1987; 327: 524 – 526.

Lyons D, Webster J, Benjamin N. Angiotensin II. Adrenergic sympa-thetic constrictor action in humans. Circulation 1995; 91: 1457 –1460.

Henrion D, Laher I, Laporte R, Bevan JA. Angiotensin II amplifiesarterial contractile response to norepinephrine without increasingCa++ influx: role of protein kinase C. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1992;261: 835 – 40.

Gaedeke J, Noble N, Border W. Angiotensina II e insuficiencia renalprogresiva. Curr Hypertens Repor Ed Esp 2003; 2: 47 – 52.

Ruiz-Ortega M, Lorenzo O, Rupérez M, Estaban V, Suzuki Y,Mezzano S, Plaza JJ, Egido J. Role of the Renin-Angiotensin Systemin Vascular Disease. Expanding the Field. Hypertension 2001; 38:1382 – 1387.

Danser AH, Schalekamp MA, Bax WA, van den Brink AM, SaxenaPR, Riegger GAJ et al. Angiotensin-converting-enzyme in the humanheart. Effect of the deletion/insertion polymorphism. Circulation1995; 92: 1387 – 1388.

Ueda S, Elliot HL, Morton JJ, Connel JMC. Enhanced pressorresponse to angiotensin I in normotensive men with the deletiongenotype (DD) for angiotensin-converting enzyme. Hypertension1995; 25: 1266 – 1269.

Castellano M, Muiesan ML, Rizzoni D, Beschi M, Pasini G, CinelliA et al. Angiontensin-converting enzyme I/D polymorphism and arte-rial wall thickness in a general population. The Vorbano Study.Circulation 1995; 91: 2721 – 2724.

Chadwichk IG, O ́Toole L, Morice AH, Wilfred YW, Jackson PR,Ramsay LE. Pressor and hormonal responses to angiotensin I infu-sion in healthy subjects of different angiontensin-converting enzymegenotypes. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1997; 29: 485 – 489.

Ruiz-Ortega M, Lorenzo O, Suzuki Y, Ruperez M, Egido J.Proinflammatory actions of angiotensin II. Curr Opin NephrolHypertens 2001; 10: 321 – 329.

Zhou M-S, Schulman I, Raij L. Nitric Oxide, Angiotensin II andHypertension. Sem in Nephrol 2004; 24: 366 – 378.

Rigat B, Hubert C, Alhenc-Gelas F, Cambien F, Corvol P Soubrier F.An insertion/deletion polymorphism in the angiotensin I-convertingenzyme gene accounting for half the variance of serum enzyme lev-els. J Clin Invest 1990; 86: 1343 – 1346.

Sharma P, Fatibene J, Ferraro F, Jia H, Monteith S, Brown C et al. Agenome-wide search for susceptibility loci to human essential hyper-tension. Hypertension 2000; 35: 1291 – 1296

Dzau VJ, Bernstein K, Celermajer D, Cohen J, Dahlöf B, Deanfield Jet al. The relevance of tissue angiotensin-converting enzyme: mani-festations in mechanistic and endpoint data. Am J Cardiol 2001;88(suppl): 1L-20L

Pfohl M, Koch M, Prescod S, Haase KK, Haring HU, Karsch KR.Angiotensin I-converting enzyme polymorphism, coronary arterydisease and myocardial infarction: an angiographically controlledstudy. Eur Heart J 1999; 20: 1318 – 1325

de Lange M, Spector T, Andrew T. Genome-wide scan for blood pres-sure suggest linkage to chromosome 11, and replication of loci on 16,17, and 22. Hypertension 2004; 44: 872 – 877

Williams RR, Hunt SC, Hasstedt SJ, Hopkins PN, Wu LL, Berry TD,Stults BM, Barlow GK, Schumacher MC, Lifton RP, Lalouel JM. Arethe interactions between genetic and environmental factors predis-posing to high blood pressure? Hypertension 1991; 18(suppl I): I29 –I37

McIntyre M, Bhor D, Dominiczak A. Endotelial function in hiperten-sión. The role of the superoxide anion. Hipertensión 1999; 34: 539– 545

Granger DN, Vowinkel T, Petnehazy. Modulation of the inflammato-ry response in cardiovascular disease. Hypertension 2004; 43: 924 -031

Zalba G, San José G, Moreno M, Fortuño M, Fortuño A, Beaumont F,Díez J. Oxidative stress in arterial hypertension. Role of NAD(P)Hoxidase. Hypertension 2001; 38: 1395 – 1399

Miyamoto Y, Saito Y, Kajiyama N, Yoshimura M, Shimasaki Y,Nakayama M et al. Endotelial nitric oxide synthase gene is positive-ly associated with essential hypertensio. Hypertension 1998; 32: 3-8

Lacy F, Kailasam MT, O ́Connor DT, Schimd-Schöenbein GW,Parmer RJ. Plasma hydrogen peroxide production in human essentialhypertension. Role of heredity, gender and ethnicity. Hypertension2000; 36: 878 – 884

Lüscher T, Barton M. Endothelins and endothelin receptor antago-nists. Therapeutic considerations for a novel class of cardiovasculardrugs. Circ 2000; 102: 2434 – 2440

Tiret L, Poirier O, Hallet V, et al. The Lys198Asn polymorphism inthe endothelin-1 gene is associated with blood pressure in overweightpeople. Hypertension 1999; 33: 1169 – 74

Schiffrin E. Role of endothelin-1 in hypertension. Hypertension1999;34:876 – 881.

Elijovich F, Laffer CL, Gavras H, Bresnahan MR, Schiffrin EL.Regulation of plasma endothelin by SALT in salt-sensitive hyperten-sion. Hypertension 1999; 33: 1075. Abstract

Descargas

Publicado

2005-07-01

Cómo citar

Fiedler Velásquez, E., & Gourzong Taylor, C. (2005). Epidemiología y patogenia de la hipertensión arterial esencial, rol de angiotesina II, óxido nítrico y endotelina. Acta Médica Costarricense, 47(3), 109–117. https://doi.org/10.51481/amc.v47i3.190

Artículos más leídos del mismo autor/a