Micronutrientes y enfermedades crónicas: ¿hacia donde apunta la evidencia científica?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51481/amc.v51i3.440Palabras clave:
suplementos, vitaminas, minerales, enfermedades crónicasResumen
Los estudios observacionales han demostrado, de manera consistente, una asociación positiva entre el consumo de dietas ricas en frutas y vegetales, y un menor riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular, cáncer, enfermedad cerebrovascular y otras enfermedades crónicas. El consumo de suplementos de vitaminas antioxidantes ha ido en aumento, bajo la premisa de que estos podrían ayudar a prevenir o curar enfermedades crónicas. Sin embargo, a pesar de la gran cantidad de investigaciones que se han realizado en este campo, no se ha logrado esclarecer realmente el papel que la suplementación con estos micronutrientes pueda estar ejerciendo en la patología de esas enfermedades. El Instituto Nacional de Salud de los Estados Unidos establece, que no existe, suficiente evidencia científica para promover o desestimular, el uso de suplementos multivitamínicos para la prevención de las enfermedades crónicas. Los datos emergentes cuestionan los beneficios reales que los suplementos antioxidantes puedan tener en los sujetos con un adecuado estado nutricional, y sugiere que su consumo podría no ser seguro en comparación con las vitaminas y minerales contenidos naturalmente, en los alimentos. Los meta-análisis realizados, con estudios randomizados no han logrado demostrar efectos benéficos de la suplementación con multivitaminas sobre la mortalidad por enfermedades crónicas, y más bien, algunos análisis han sugerido que los β –catorenos, la vitamina A y la vitamina E podrían aumentar el riesgo de muerte.
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